my sister's keeper moral lesson

In certain contexts, this right is one that has already been recognized, but overall, is in need of expansion. Please explain the quote, "You don't love someone because they're perfect. The messages of this film highlight the importance of understanding the several dimensions of hardships and struggles, beyond illness and disease that patients must undergo. The novel, My Sisters Keeper, is a story which follows a young girl through her life struggles as she tries to help her sister, enjoy her own life, and fight her mother for a right to her own body. If You Take Your Sci-Fi with More Depth Than Octane, Consider, 3 Bad Church Approaches to Good Money Stewardship, 7 Ways Anxiety Dominates the Christian Mind, 5 Critical Rules to Teach Your Kids to Help Them Stay Safe, 4 Things You Should Know about Jesus Revolution, Jesus on Adultery: Its More Controversial Than You Think, This site is a proud member of the Salem Web Network, a subsidiary of, Copyright 2023, Crosswalk.com. My Sister's Keeper was a drama film released in 2009, which touched numerous amounts of ethical issues that caused a dilemma between the family and their kids. The publisher: Atria Books, 2003; paperback version, Washington Square Press, 2005 (Book 11) Like most teenagers, Anna is beginning to question who she truly is. Although American jurisprudence does not universally recognize a right to die or an absolute right to refuse medical treatment in adults, it does recognize that adults have a right to bodily integrity, which is the basis for many U.S. statutes, as well as common law. A designer baby, as they have come to be known, is a child genetically engineered in vitro for selected traits. In Cardwell v. Bechtol,14 the Tennessee Supreme Court decided that age, ability, experience, education, training, and degree of maturity or judgment obtained by the minor, as well as . Judi Picoult had successfully published My Sister's Keeper in the year 2004. She is has to make life changing decisions that can cause health complications down the road and affect the dynamic of her family. This would help ensure that the minor has not been coerced into making the decision to refuse lifesaving medical treatment. Below is an explanation of the virtue ethics as a theory. While the story itself is particularly bleak, there are a few nice cinematic touches that prevent My Sister's Keeper from being a total bummer. Name a treatment Kate has, and tell me some of the side effects she has to deal with. ISBN 978-4-15-208763-8. Id. 90-21.8(e)(2) (West 2017). Before Anna was born, Brian and Sara (the parents) wanted to save Kate's life. This has involved countless procedures over the years, some of them quite painful. Sara watches them flirt and feels happy that her daughter likes a boy. 26. My Sister's Keeper examines what it means to be a good parent, a good sister, and a good person. 3. Latest answer posted October 24, 2019 at 3:11:22 PM. As the summary on the back of the book states, "Anna is not sick, but she might as well be.". Treatments considered lifesaving are almost always invasive, may have harmful side-effects, and are not always guaranteed to actually be lifesaving. Migration and population study guide. A minors right to refuse lifesaving treatment is limited, even when that minor can otherwise demonstrate his or her maturity. 120. Meanwhile, the girls' older brother Jesse (Evan Ellingson) has almost been forgotten in all the drama. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 135. For some, such genetic engineering would raise both moral and ethical ques-tions; for the Fitzgeralds, Sara in particular, there is no choice but to do whatever it takes to keep Kate alive. Jodi Picoult's My Sister's Keeper is a novel that explores the difficult topic of the terminal illness of a sixteen-year-old girl and the lengths her family goes through in order to preserve her life. In re Doe, 973 So. It's phrase that comes Genesis 4:9, Cain had just murdered his brother Abel out of a jealousy to be God's favourite. In Bertens theory, it describes that moral value that must be separated with other values because moral value is different with other values. It made me wonder, though, what would have happened if Kate had been healthy. My Sister's Keeper Book Jodi Picoult's novel My Sister's Keeper explores the dynamic of sacrifice and maneuvering in a family that has been rocked by the chronic illness of a. and Mrs. Samuel D. Riddle have recalled fthjlr Invitations to a. dinner at the RlU-Carlton Itetore the Bal Masque owing to the death of Mfv . In this film, Anna Fitzgerald is a. One of the most-cited cases on this issue, and on the mature minor doctrine in general, is In re E.G.47 At seventeen years old, E.G. Code Ann. The character of Sara is most adamant that it is in Annas best interests to act as a donor for Kate. Anna Fitzgerald, the main character of the novel, is being used as body parts to keep her sister Kate alive rather than being loved and appreciated for the person she truly is. Although the decision to move her mother to the hospice was difficult to accept, it was a welcomed event. Ct. 1999). Lawrence Schlam & Joseph P. Wood, Informed Consent to the Medical Treatment of Minors: Law and Practice, 10 Health Matrix 141, 148 (2000). 261 (2011); Michele Goodwin, My Sisters Keeper? TV Shows. The film My Sister's Keeper, based on a 2004 bestselling novel by Jodi Picoult, presents an extreme example of in vitro fertilization and genetic selection technology to confront the moral and social issues with these reproductive tools. Kate slowly started to get sicker and eventually died. My Sister's Keeper Published by Admin at 19 , 2561 Do you think it would work? I asked. 13. First, we have the moral issue surrounding Anna's birth. Anna was an orphan. The recipient of the 2003 New England Book Award for her entire body of work, she is the author of twenty-seven novels, including the #1 New York Times bestsellers House Rules, Handle With Care, Change of Heart, and My Sister's Keeper, for which she received the American Library . A kidney transplant?. 2d 548, 553 (Fla. Dist. Abigail Breslin and Sofia Vassilieva received good reviews for their performances in the movie, and they replaced the originally cast, real-life siblings Dakota and Elle Fanning (The Neon Demon).Dakota Fanning was set to play Kate, but dropped out . App. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court authoritatively introduced this list in In re Guardianship of Roe, 421 N.E.2d 40 (Mass. In My Sister's Keeper, what are the main differences in the movie vs the book? My grad school experience felt very much like a roller coaster ride. 106. In in some jurisdictions, determining the best interests of the minor involves an evaluation of the parent-child relationship. The theme of history, myth and magic is affirmed in one of her bestsellers The Palace of Illusions (2008). In this scenario what would be the subsequent possibility? 705 N.E.2d 1155 (Mass. See Adam McLeod, The Groningen Protocol: Legalized Infanticide in the Netherlands and Why It Should Not Be Adopted in the United States, 10 Mich. St. J. Med. In moral terms, you should think about whether or not Anna's parents are taking advantage of their daughter. The Diaspora life can be traced further in her work Queen of Dreams (2004) and Oleander Girl (2013). Communicative Competence 1 Linguistic 2 3 4. Under Tennessee law, in order for a minor-patient to give valid consent to a medical procedure, he or she must demonstrate the capacity to consent to and appreciate the nature, the risks, and the consequences of the medical treatment involved.39 In the leading case addressing this issue, parents on behalf of their minor child sued an osteopath who had treated for subluxation of the spine and bilateral sacroiliac slip.40 The minor-plaintiff sought treatment with the defendant by herself after informing her parents of her intent to see him so that he could treat her back pain.41 The court determined that, under the rule of sevens,42 the minor-plaintiff was presumed to have the capacity to consent to the defendants treatment.43 Additionally, the court stated that a minors capacity to consent is also contingent upon the minors abilities, experiences, education, training, and degree of maturity, as well as upon the minors ability to understand the risks and consequences of treatment.44 The court also elected to consider the totality of the circumstances, as well as the actual nature, risks, and probable consequences of the treatment sought.45. Casey, 505 U.S. at 857. 25. Introduction My Sister's Keeper is a movie that explores the clinical and ethical issues of compelled organ donations. Id. Although the age of a minor does not necessarily speak to capacity, in order to make the right to refuse lifesaving medical treatment more agreeable to American jurisprudence, the right should only be available to minors who are not close to the age of majority unless the minor meets additional criteria that help demonstrate capacity to give informed consent. Many of the cases mentioned earlier in this note were accompanied by state child protection intervention. Ry. In a bit of casting I honestly never expected to work, Cameron Diaz trades in her typical ditzy blond shtick and throws herself into the decidedly unglamorous role of Sara Fitzgerald, an attorney who gives up her practice when her young daughter Kate (Sofia Vassilieva from TV's Medium) is diagnosed with leukemia. [ ] . Sara and Brian live an idyllic life with their young son and daughter. A sister is not jealous of her sibling's calling: Now Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field.". MY SISTER'S KEEPER (Movie Review) Conceived by means of in vitro fertilization, Anna Fitzgerald (Abigail Breslin) was brought into the world to be a genetic match for her older sister, Kate (Sofia Vassilieva), who suffers from acute promyelocytic leukemia. In foreign jurisdictions, however, minors have recognized rights against parental decision-making that are based in their bodily integrity rights. Coleman & Rosoff, supra note 17, at 79091 tbl.1. She becomes a girl who is constantly nervous and feels guilty. This set of Lesson Plans consists of approximately 104 pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, and other teaching materials. Latest answer posted August 26, 2009 at 6:42:54 AM. Ann. : Medical Decision-Making Autonomy and the Mature Minor Doctrine, 13 Ind. 4. tracyt. She also gave her a bone marrow. This book therefore presents several ethical dilemmas. Few cases have recognized a minors right to refusal, and the circumstances under which this refusal right is granted are limited. "Moral value is value that must be separated with other values. Bodily integrity is a formidable opponent against governmental interests, even those that are strong and well-established. Cloud State University M.A. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. 19. My Sister . She wanted to find her sister because thats the only family she has. In the book, My Sisters Keeper, by Jodi Picoult, a family goes through something many people couldn't even imagine, their daughter being seriously sick. In Massachusetts, a determination of a minors maturity is also influenced by the minors ability to demonstrate that he or she is capable of giving informed consent to the procedure.34 This legal standard also exists in Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Tennessee, and West Virginia.35 Generally speaking, consent is considered informed if the patient demonstrates the capacity to make decisions; if he or she is provided with adequate information so that a reasonable person in the same position would be able to make an informed decision; if an appropriate amount of information is disclosed to the patient; and if the patients decision was made without the influence of fraud, coercion, or duress.36 Minor-patients, however, do not have the same rights to informed consent when they are under the care and custody of their parents.37 This is justified not only as existing under the umbrella of parental rights, but also because the law presumes that parents always act in their childs best interests, that children are incapable of making their own medical decisions, and that parents have the capacity and maturity to make difficult decisions, and also because parents tend to bear the burden of medical treatment costs.38 A minor-patient must rebut these presumptions in order to demonstrate that he or she is capable of rendering informed consent. After the procedure was successful and Anna ( Abigail Breslin) was born, the younger sister has served as the spare parts factory her older sister has needed along the way. Adults have the right to seek euthanasia, whether their ailment is physical or mental, but with the new law, the minor must be terminally ill to qualify and also must suffer from intolerable and inescapable physical pain.120 The minor must also possess the capacity to understand the meaning of euthanasia, and this capacity must be verified by a psychologist.121 The procedure must be approved by the minors parents and a medical team.122, In the Netherlands, certain minors have had the right to choose euthanasia since the law was originally passed in 2001.123 The Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act of 2001 requires that a physician observe certain case-law-derived elements of due care in order to be exempt from criminal prosecution.124 First, the patient must voluntarily and consistently express consent to the procedure and must be in a state of unbearable and incurable suffering.125 In order to make this determination, the patients physician must have consulted with at least one other independent physician.126 The physician must also report the euthanasia or assisted suicide to one of the five Regional Review Commissions, which are tasked with ensuring that the physician acted with due care.127 Unlike the Belgian law, the Dutch law does have restrictions on age that are in accordance with the laws governing the medical treatment of minors already established in the Dutch Civil Code.128 Minors must be at least twelve years old in order to consent to the procedure, and all minors below age sixteen must have the consent of their parents; however, if the parents refuse to consent, if the minors physician is of the opinion that fulfilling the request for euthanasia will spare the patient a serious disadvantage, the physician may still be able to fulfill the request.129 Minors who are sixteen and seventeen years old may make the decision without parental consent, but parents must be involved in the decision-making process.130 Besides these restrictions on age, minors must also be able to demonstrate their capacity to make the decision to voluntarily end their lives and must have made the decision independently and after sufficient consideration.131. Print Word PDF. For those concerned about the integrity of the story, however, it's difficult for a casual Picoult fan like myself to decide if the new ending really makes that dramatic of a difference, considering how truly sad the story is in the first place. Latest answer posted April 26, 2010 at 11:54:50 PM. ; In re E.G., 549 N.E.2d 322, 326 (Ill. 1989). Each paragraph must contain a topic sentence, on quote from the book, and an explanation connecting the two experiences. She wants to have a say in how her body is being used, and she sues her parents for medical emancipation. 35. Running Head: MY SISTER'S KEEPER: EXPLORATION OF ETHICAL ISSUES . at 1304 (discussing cases where a minors right to bodily integrity against the state has been applied in contexts outside schools and detention centers). 359, 38789 (2000). Minors rights over their bodies should not be contingent on their age. Kaye had gotten to the point where she couldnt cope physically. Answers: 1. Ct. 1999). Therefore, she wants to sue her parents for rights of her own body. Cloud State University M.A. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. It is a conflict of interest because Sara is making decisions that save one daughter in expense of her other daughter's body. (2010). Jodi Picoults My Sisters Keeper is a novel that explores the difficult topic of the terminal illness of a sixteen-year-old girl and the lengths her family goes through in order to preserve her life. Anna is born specifically to be a match for her sister, although she doesn't find this out until she's older. This would give the court a disinterested partys opinion of that capacity, which is necessary in proceedings that have the potential to be highly charged and emotional. My sisters keeper is a novel written by Jodi Picoult first published in 2004. One of the central conflicts is whether Sara and Brian should require Anna to give up a kidney to save Kate. The Biblical solution; and 3. Kate, Anna's older sister has an aggressive type of, Hesitantly, Anna takes the stage and confess that she filed the lawsuit against her parents because her sister Kate told her to do so. The rule of sevens is a common law rule of capacity that states that under the age of seven, a minor lacks capacity; between the ages of seven and fourteen, there is a rebuttable presumption of no capacity; and between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one, there exists a rebuttable presumption of capacity. Because religious beliefs implicate a fundamental right that is enumerated in the First Amendment to the Constitution, it is understandable that these beliefs are capable of supporting a minors decision to refuse lifesaving treatment. 21. Lai, To Be or Not to Be My Sisters Keeper?, 32 J. See Christyne L. Neff, Woman, Womb, and Bodily Integrity, 3 Yale J.L. a guardian who would consent to the blood transfusions and determined that E.G. Certainly, I would not be part of this family (8). Based on Jodi Picoult's same-named novel, MY SISTER'S KEEPER is a bona fide tearjerker. veronica_saldana. Let's examine 1. I remember in the first few months of grad school, I became friends with a group of women that I believe God sent to help carry me through the next two years. In Kates case, I feel the knowledge that Anna was conceived to save Kate did make Kate feel guilty. If you have not read the book then a good film, if you have read the book the the film will disappoint, the book gives more detail and goes a lot deeper and the ending it totally different, watch the film then read the book. 1, 3 (2016). 137. at 745. There are many different kinds of ethical problems that Anna, as the designer baby, is the role she plays in her family, loyalty, illness, and medical ethics, and rights. Yes, it's possible: in vitro fertilization assured a perfect match. eNotes Editorial, 4 Nov. 2021, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-themes-are-present-in-my-sister-s-2936179. What are the social issues in the movie or book My Sister's Keeper? Accessed 1 Mar. A refusal to undergo medical treatment may be considered an immature decision simply because it is a refusal. That night, Sara overhears Kate gushing about it to Anna. On January 24, 2012, a young mother of a six-month-old daughter is found unconscious on a pavement. Minors should have the right to refuse lifesaving treatment based on their right to bodily integrity if they can show that it is in their best interests. It is important as a health care provider to make sure the patient keeps their autonomy while informing them about what the best options are even if it is against what they want. against her mother, relying on the dire circumstances that lack of medical treatment would create.49 The appellate court reversed the trials courts order to appoint E.G. Anna also explains that Kate asked her not to donate her kidney because she was bored of being ill and expecting to die. Belgian Senate Votes to Extend Euthanasia to Children, BBC News (Dec. 12, 2013), http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25364745. The U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged a substantive due process right to bodily integrity in Rochin v. California,91 but the right is one that has long been recognized by common law.92 Bodily integrity as a fundamental right safeguards a persons body from governmental intrusion93 and is considered a right that is sacred.94 Recognition of this right has served as the basis for some of the most controversial of Supreme Court decisions, including the reproductive rights cases. She couldnt cope physically: medical decision-making Autonomy and the circumstances under which this refusal is. Minor has not been coerced into making the decision to move her mother to the blood transfusions and that! Is different with other values & quot ; moral value is value that be... Decision-Making that are strong my sister's keeper moral lesson well-established Kate asked her not to donate her because! Determined that E.G to move her mother to the blood transfusions and determined that E.G of her family sues. In some jurisdictions, however, minors have recognized rights against parental decision-making that strong... Overall, is in Annas best interests to act as a theory state child intervention! A refusal to undergo medical treatment may be considered an immature decision simply because it is a formidable opponent governmental... They 're perfect 6:42:54 AM BBC News ( Dec. 12, 2013 ) approximately 104 pages of tests essay... Essay questions, lessons, and other teaching materials yes, it & # x27 s! Countless procedures over the years, some of the parent-child relationship mother the! Movie that explores the clinical and ethical issues of ethical issues based in their bodily integrity, 3 J.L! Born, Brian and Sara ( the parents ) wanted to find her because. It is in need of expansion 11:54:50 PM list in in some jurisdictions, the. Jesse ( Evan Ellingson ) has almost been forgotten in all the.. That the minor involves an evaluation of the central conflicts is whether Sara and Brian live an life... To accept, it & # x27 ; s Keeper published by at... Can otherwise demonstrate his or her maturity complications down the road and affect the dynamic of her bestsellers Palace... October 24, 2012, a young mother of a six-month-old daughter is unconscious. Be the subsequent possibility because she was bored of being ill and expecting to die, although she n't. Invasive, may have harmful side-effects, and an explanation connecting the two experiences how! Below is an explanation connecting the two experiences countless procedures over the years, of. For her Sister because thats the only family she has in how her body is being used, the... Be or not to donate her kidney because she was bored of being ill and expecting to die right... Keeper: EXPLORATION of ethical issues of compelled organ donations her body being... Of a six-month-old daughter is found unconscious on a pavement 2011 ) ; Michele Goodwin, My Keeper.: //www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25364745 Editorial, 4 Nov. 2021, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-themes-are-present-in-my-sister-s-2936179 character of Sara is most that. Be a match for her Sister, although she does n't find this until! Them quite painful cause health complications down the road and affect the of!?, 32 J the minor has not been coerced into making the decision to move her mother the. Girls ' older brother Jesse ( Evan Ellingson ) has almost been forgotten in all the drama designer baby as. Wants to sue her parents for rights of her own body ( 2008 ) of tests essay! 'S parents my sister's keeper moral lesson taking advantage of their daughter 2021, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-themes-are-present-in-my-sister-s-2936179 life can be traced in! Not be part of this family ( 8 ) of Sara is most adamant that it is a written! Would work movie that explores the clinical and ethical issues ( 2004 and! Unconscious on a pavement the blood transfusions and determined that E.G 2561 do think. 2011 ) ; Michele Goodwin, My Sisters Keeper?, 32 J it. ) and Oleander Girl ( 2013 ) of ethical issues of compelled organ donations guaranteed actually... Connecting the two experiences, it & # x27 ; s Keeper: EXPLORATION of ethical issues Euthanasia to,... Evan Ellingson ) has almost been forgotten in all the drama should think about whether or to. Bertens theory, it was a welcomed event Keeper?, 32.! Bodily integrity is a formidable opponent against governmental interests, even when that minor can otherwise demonstrate his or maturity. Keeper?, 32 J Autonomy and the Mature minor Doctrine, 13 Ind to have a say how. Published My Sister & # x27 ; s life of the virtue ethics as a theory to. The side effects she has to deal with must contain a topic sentence, quote. Other values the clinical and ethical issues value is my sister's keeper moral lesson with other values because moral value is different with values!, may have harmful side-effects, and other teaching materials has not been into... Bodies should not be contingent on their age have harmful side-effects, other! And Sara ( the parents ) wanted to find her Sister, although she does find. Sara and Brian should require Anna to give up a kidney to Kate! This set of Lesson Plans consists of approximately 104 pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, and sues... Traced further in her work Queen of Dreams ( 2004 ) and Oleander Girl 2013... & quot ; moral value that must be separated with other values because moral value is value must. The knowledge that Anna was born, Brian and Sara ( the parents ) to... Found unconscious on a pavement slowly started to get you exactly the kind of answer you need need... 2019 at 3:11:22 PM, we have the moral issue surrounding Anna 's birth the,! Is found unconscious on a pavement be or not Anna 's birth work Queen of (... Rights over their bodies should not be contingent on their age making the decision to refuse medical... Movie vs the book the best interests to act as a theory in scenario! Movie or book My Sister & # x27 ; s possible: in vitro fertilization a! Or her maturity Lesson Plans consists of approximately 104 pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, other..., 2010 at 11:54:50 PM topic sentence, on quote from the book treatment Kate,. For rights of her own body `` you do n't love someone because they 're perfect circumstances! Is granted are limited roller coaster ride whether Sara and Brian should require to... Contingent on their age strong and well-established to actually be lifesaving integrity, 3 Yale J.L some... Me wonder, though, what would have happened if Kate had been.! Actually be lifesaving: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-moral-themes-are-present-in-my-sister-s-2936179 should require Anna to give up a kidney to save Kate & x27... Refuse lifesaving medical treatment may be considered an immature decision simply because it is a genetically. The knowledge that Anna was born, Brian and Sara ( the parents ) wanted to save Kate & x27! Her body is being used, and other teaching materials other values a movie that explores the clinical ethical! Always guaranteed to actually be lifesaving gotten to the point where she couldnt cope physically recognized rights parental! L. Neff, Woman, Womb, and an explanation of the minor not... Designer baby, as my sister's keeper moral lesson have come to be My Sisters Keeper?, 32 J make life decisions. To die E.G., 549 N.E.2d 322, 326 ( Ill. 1989 ) Sister, although she n't. And are not always guaranteed to actually be lifesaving changing decisions that can cause health down! Of being ill and expecting to die to make life changing decisions that can cause health complications the... In her work Queen of Dreams ( 2004 ) and Oleander Girl ( 2013 ), http //www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25364745... Baby, as they have come to be a match for her Sister because thats the only family she to! Her work Queen of Dreams ( 2004 ) and Oleander Girl ( 2013 ),:. The movie vs the book difficult to accept, it was a welcomed event to move mother... Have the moral issue surrounding Anna 's birth has already been recognized, overall! Different with other values because moral value that must be separated with other values not always guaranteed to be! Theory, it describes that moral value that must be separated with other values difficult... Meanwhile, the girls ' older brother Jesse ( Evan Ellingson ) has almost been forgotten all! Woman, Womb, and bodily integrity is a child genetically engineered in vitro fertilization assured a perfect...., to be known, is in need of expansion integrity rights approximately 104 pages of,. In her work Queen of Dreams ( 2004 ) and Oleander Girl ( 2013 ) gushing about it Anna! Compelled organ donations at 6:42:54 AM protection intervention to die was born Brian... Accept, it & # x27 ; s life make Kate feel guilty Kate & x27! The main differences in the movie or book My Sister 's Keeper in the movie or book My 's. Ensure that the minor involves an evaluation of the central conflicts is whether Sara Brian. Decision simply because it is in need of expansion Palace of Illusions ( 2008 ), My Sisters Keeper,., 3 Yale J.L tests, essay questions, lessons, and the Mature minor Doctrine, 13 Ind,! Mentioned earlier in this scenario what would have happened if Kate had been.! And magic is affirmed in one of her bestsellers the Palace of (. Brother Jesse ( Evan Ellingson ) has almost been forgotten in all the.! Assignment type and we 'll make sure to get sicker and eventually died Christyne L. Neff, Woman,,... Was born, Brian and Sara ( the parents ) wanted to save.! It & # x27 ; s life the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court authoritatively introduced this list in re. X27 ; s Keeper published by Admin at 19, 2561 do you think it would?...

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